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The majority of adverse drug reactions usually start early in therapy and most tended to disappear even as therapy was continued.
Within the system organ classes, adverse reactions are listed under headings of frequency (number of patients expected to experience the reaction), using the following categories: very common (≥1/10); common (≥1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000); not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
Parkinson's disease, most common adverse reactions: The most commonly (≥5%) reported adverse drug reactions in patients with Parkinson's disease more frequent with pramipexole treatment than with placebo were nausea, dyskinesia, hypotension, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, constipation, hallucination, headache and fatigue. The incidence of somnolence is increased at doses higher than 1.5 mg pramipexole salt per day. A more frequent adverse drug reaction in combination with levodopa was dyskinesia. Hypotension may occur at the beginning of treatment, especially if pramipexole is titrated too fast.
Tabulated summary of adverse reactions: The following adverse reactions have been reported during use of SIFROL in the clinical trials and in the post-marketing experience. (See Table 3.)
Click on icon to see table/diagram/imageDescription of selected adverse reactions: Sudden onset of sleep and Somnolence: Patients treated with pramipexole have reported falling asleep during activities of daily living, including the operation of motor vehicles, which sometimes resulted in accidents. Some of them did not report a warning sign such as somnolence, which is a common occurrence in patients receiving pramipexole, and which, according to the current knowledge of sleep physiology, always proceeds falling asleep. There was no clear relation to the duration of treatment. Some patients were taking other medication with potentially sedative properties. In most cases where information was available, there were no further episodes following reduction of dosage or termination of therapy.
Hypotension: The incidence of hypotension under SIFROL, compared to placebo treatment, was not increased. However, in individual patients, hypotension may occur at the beginning of treatment, especially if SIFROL is titrated too rapidly.
Libido disorders: SIFROL may be associated with disorders of libido (increased or decreased).
Impulse control disorders and compulsive behaviours: Patients treated with dopamine agonists for Parkinson's disease, including SIFROL, especially at high doses, have been reported as exhibiting signs of pathological gambling, increased libido and hypersexuality, generally reversible upon reduction of the dose or treatment discontinuation.
In a cross-sectional, retrospective screening and case-control study including 3,090 Parkinson's disease patients, 13.6% of all patients receiving dopaminergic or non-dopaminergic treatment had symptoms of an impulse control disorder during the past six months. Manifestations observed include pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, binge eating, and compulsive sexual behavior (hypersexuality). Possible independent risk factors for impulse control disorders included dopaminergic treatments and higher doses of dopaminergic treatment, younger age (≤65 years), not being married and self-reported family history of gambling behaviours.
Cardiac failure: In clinical studies and post-marketing experience cardiac failure has been reported in patients with pramipexole. In a pharmacoepidemiological study pramipexole use was associated with an increased risk of cardiac failure compared with non-use of pramipexole. A causal relationship between pramipexole and cardiac failure has not been demonstrated.
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